Showing posts with label ireland. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ireland. Show all posts

Saturday, 27 September 2014

Regional Geography: An Irish Core Region - The Dublin Region

For Regional Geography you have to study an Irish Core regional and for this I have done the Dublin Region.


The above map shows the Dublin region on a map of Ireland (ignore the fact that some of it is darker green than the rest)

Here is a map I drew of the Dublin Region, sorry for the bad quality!

 

Saturday, 19 January 2013

History - 1916 Rising essay

What were the circumstances which led to the 1916 Rising?

In 1912, Asquith was the liberal Prime Minister of Britain He introduced the third Home Rule Bill. This would give limited self government to Ireland. They would still be part of the empire and have to send 40 MP's to Westminster, but it recognized Ireland was different from Britain, as they would have their own parliament and because of this the nationalists were willing to accept it. John Redmond was the leader of the Home Rule party, with John Dillon as his deputy. The bill had been blocked by the Tories in the House of Lords, but the Parliament Act of 1911 stated they could only block it for two years, so Ireland was set to get home rule in 1914.

Unionists saw it as a threat to their religion, identity, and prosperity. They felt vulnerable because they were a minority, but they mainly lived in the North East so they were easy to organise. They also had great leaders in Carson and Craig. The Tories feared it as the start of the break-up of the empire. Andrew Bonar Law said he would support the Unionists even if they broke the law in opposition to Home Rule. This was treason. On 28th September 1912, over half a million unionists signed the Ulster Solemn League and Covenant. They were prepared to use violence against Home Rule. In January 1913, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) were formed. This was Europe's first private army. This idea was later copied by Mussolini and Hitler. This was a turning point as there was now a militant tone in Ireland. This inspired southerners to form their own volunteer force. This pleased the IRB. On 25th November 1913, the Irish Volunteer Force (IVF) were established in the Rotunda in Dublin. Sam McNeill, founder of the Gaelic League, was their leader. 3,000 joined on the first night, including De Valera and Pearse. The IRB infiltrated it. This was the perfect front for them. The IVF's motto was "Defense not defiance". Politics and democracy were failing to give Ireland home rule and there was now two private armies facing each other.

Redmond desperately wanted to avoid a civil war. He was prepared to consed the four counties, Derry, Antrim, Armagh and Down, which were mainly unionists. He thought it would only be temporary. He conceded the principle of partition. He should have held hi ground. He was trying too hard to avoid violence. Carson wanted Tyrone and Fermanagh as well. They were both split between unionists and nationalists. It now looked likely that if Ireland got home rule it would not be for the whole island. In March 1914, 58 officers in the British army, led by General Hubert Gough, indicated they would resign if asked to impose home rule on Ulster. This was undemocratic and it weakened Asquith as he could no longer trust the army to impose home rule in Ulster.

In April 1914, 25,000 weapons and 5 million rounds of ammunition were brought into Larne on the Clyde ship from Germany. This was known as Operation Lion. The RIC ignored this. On 26th July1914, 1,500 rifles and 45,000 rounds of ammunition arrived in Howth on the Asgard, also coming from Germany. The British army stopped them and three people were killed in the "Bachelors Walk Massacre". This showed the double standards for the unionist and nationalists. The gun was now back in Irish Politics. In Buckingham Palace a conference was held on July 20-24th 1914. This was a last effort to sort out the problem with Redmond and Carson. They both wanted Fermanagh and Tyrone but failed to reach an agreement. There were liberalists, Asquith and Lloyd George, Tories, Bonar Law and Lord Landsdowne, Unionists, Carson and Craig, and Nationalists, Redmond and Dillon, present at the conference. Politics had failed and they now faced civil war.

On August 4th, 1914, Britain joined WW1, which overtook events in Ireland. It helped to calm civil war fears. The UVF joined the British army and had their own division, the 36th Ulster Division. Home Rule had been due to come in on 18th September 1914, but it was suspended until after the war. On 20th September, Redmond made a speech at Woodenbridge, County Wicklow, urging the Irish Volunteers to join the British army. He believed the war would be over by Christmas. he used the fact that Germany had invaded Belgium, a small, neutral, catholic country, just like Ireland, to gain support. There was a split in the IVF. The 170,000 national volunteers, led by Redmond, joined the British, while the 11,000 IVF, led by Eoin McNeill, stayed at home. he IRB infiltrated the IVF. It was easier to take over and control a smaller group of 11,000. The longer the war went on the more support Redmond lost and McNeill gained. There was a lot of opposition to the war in Ireland. Aurthur Griffith and Sinn Féin, James Connolly and the Irish Citizen Army, and McNeill and the Volunteers, all campaigned against joining the British army. This helped push events towards 1916.

In 1915a national government was formed in London. Redmond was invited to join but refused, so it was made up of liberalists, unionists, Tories and the Labour Party. Bonar Law was a minister and Carson Attorney General. Unionists now had a voice at Westminster. Home Rule became more distant as it now had no support in Westminster. If they wanted home rule now, they would have to fight for it. This was great for the IRB. In June 1915, Britain  suffered a disastrous defeat at Galipollo. England's difficultly was Ireland's opportunity. Casement went to Germany looking for guns and Irish prisoners of war. He only got 20,000 rifles. Ireland was still part of the British empire yet they had a possible ally with Germany, who were fighting against Britain in WW1 at the same time.

The IRB had no public leaders, now Pearse becomes the public pace. He was very interested in the Irish language as he believed that was what made the Irish different from Britain. He had originally supported home rule but felt it slipping away so he became a republican. He wanted full separation from Britain. He believed in blood sacrifice, that even if the rising failed, it would still be a success as it would encourage future generations to rise up. He compared it to Jesus dying on the cross and rising again. "Life springs from death, and from the graves of patriot men and women spring living nations".

Within the IRB, a military council of Thomas Clarke, Seán MacDiarmada, Thomas Mac Donagh, Pearse, Ceannt, Connolly and Plunkett was set up to plan the rising. They had discovered James Connolly and the ICA were planning a socialist rising so they got him in with them instead. Connolly had valuable military experience, unlike the other leaders. In order to have the rising they needed weapons and men. They wanted McNeill and the Volunteers on board. They forged the "Castle Document" and it was printed in the Sunday paper. It said British authorities were going to arrest Pearse and the Volunteers. McNeill urged them to resit arrest. Pearse then informed him on the Thursday that a rising was planned. Guns were to arrive from Germany on the "Aud" into Tralee bay, but it was spotted by the British Navy. Rather than let the British take the 20,000 guns, they deliberatly sank the ship. Casement came back and was arrested. The British now believed they had gotten the man in charge. Casement had actually been coming back to stop the rising. McNeill now wanted to cancel the rising as they did not have enough men or weapons, and he discovered the document had been forged.

It was published in the Sunday Independent on the morning the rising had been planned for saying that all maneuvers were cancelled. This caused a lot of confusion. The seven main men met in Liberty Hall on Sunday Night and decided to go ahead with only 1,500 IRB men, 200 ICA men and 1,500 guns from Howth. This was Pearse's idea of Blood Sacrifice.













Monday, 25 June 2012

Irish Essay HL - old and new in Ireland

This is another saple Irish essay that i wrote and got an A on, the title is "An sean is an Nua in Éirinn" which is the old and the new in Ireland.


An Sean is an Nua in Éirinn


Is mór idir inniu ague inné agus gan aon amhras is tír an-difriúil í Éire anois ná a bhí anseo, céad, nó fiú caoga, bliain ó shin! Tá go leor athruithe móra déanta i ngach gné den saol.

Tá stíl maireachtála, agus caighdeán maireachtála, an-difriúil againn ná a bhí ag na hÉireannaigh san am atá thart. Fadó, bhí tromlach na ndaoine ina gcónaí faoin tuath. Feirmeoirí ab ea iad don chuid is mó. Ba shaol simplí, ciúin a bhí acu. Bhí a lán sráidbhailte beaga ar fud na tíre agus bhí aithne ag gach duine ar a gcomharsan agus chabhraigh siad lena chéile. Sa lá atá inniu ann tá an saol thar a bheith difriúil. Anois, tá tromlach na ndaoine ina gcónaí i mbailte ague cathracha na tíre. Tá meath déanta le feirmeoireacht agus tá comhlachtaí móra ann anois. Tá daoine gafa le hábhárachas agus le hairgead agus tá saol gnóthach neamphearsanta acu anois.

In Éirinn fadó, bhí an clann an-tábhachtach. Tá sé fós  tábhachtach na laethanta seo ach bíonn teaghlaigh ag briseadh suas agus pósta ag scaradh. Bíonn páistí tabharta agus daoine ina gcónaí le chéile gan a bheith pósta. Is gnáth rudaí iad na laethanta seo ach cúpla bliain ó shin, rudaí náireach uafásach ab ea iad. Tá athrú déanta ag meon an tsochaí agus anois níl daoine chomh cúngaigeantach is a bhí siad.

Ba tír an tradisúnta í Éire lena nósanna féin. Bhí teanga na ghaeilge, damsha gaelach agus ceol tradiúnta tábhachtach agus go forleathan sa tír. Sa lá atá inniu ann is tír ilchúltúra í Éire. I rith an Tíogar Cheiltigh tháinig a lán daoine anseo ó thíortha eile ag lorg postanna agus caighdéan  maireachtála níos fearr. Anois dá shúilfeá timpeall cathracha na hÉireann, chloisfeá go leor teangacha éagsúla. Tháinig a lán daoine ar imirce go dtí Éire agus thóg siad a gcultúra féin leo. Anuas ar sin, tá meath déanta ag teanga na nGaeilge agus anois ní labhraíonn ach mionlach na ndaoine í.

Ceann de na hathruithe is mó atá déanta ná tionchar na heaglaise. In Éirinn fadó, bhí a lán cumhacht ag an Eaglais Caitliceach. Chuaigh cuid mhór de dhaoine go hAifreann gach seachtain agua ba dhuine an tábhachach é an tsagart sa sochaí. Tháinig íslú mór ar an tionchar sin i rith na blianta agus níl an tionchar céanna ag an eaglais anois. Ní théann an méad céanna daoine go hAifreann. Bíonn siad ró-ghnóthach agus níl an suim céanna acu san Aifreann. Tá níos mó reiligiúin eile sa tír seo na laethanta seo ach oiread.

Tá athrú mór déanta le hoideachas freisin. San am ata thart, chuaigh daoine go bunscoil ach ní dheachaigh gach duine go meanscoil agus níor fhreastal ach mionlach na ndaoine éirimúla saibhre ar choláiste tríú leibhéal. Na laethanta seo, tá níos mó tabhacht ag baint leis an oideachas agus téann beagnach gach duine go meanscoil agus tromlach na ndaoine óga go tríú leibhéal.

Ta córas sláinte níos fearr againn anois ná riamh freisin. Tá dochtúirí agus áiseanna níos fearr againn agus is féidir le dochuiúirí níos mó galair a leigheas anois. Ach ar an lámh eile, tá daoine níos míshlántúla anois freisin. Bíonn an iomarca daoine ag suí an lá ar fad ag féachaint ar an teilifís nó ar an ríomhaire. Itheann siad go leor bia míshlántúla agus téann siad go bialainn gairm gásta go minic. Mar sin tá méad na ngailir croí, diaibéites agus galair eile ag dul in olcas. Fadó, bhí níos mó daoine ag obair taobh amuigh san aer gach lá agus fuair siad níos mó cleachtadh coirp. Ní raibh siad ag ithe bia chaoithiúlacht agus bia gairm gásta. D'fhás siad a nglásaraí féin agus bhí bia nádurta, úr acu.

An athrú is soléire ná an dul chun cinn sa teicneolaíocht. D'athraíodh ár saol de bharr an teicneolaíocht nua atá le fáil na laethanta seo. Sampla amháin den athrú seo ná i gcursaí cumersáide. Fadó, scríobh daoine litreacha chun caint le daoine eile, agus anois tá fón poca ag beagnach gach duine agus seoltar ríomhphoist de bharr an t-idirlín, agus anois tá ré na litreacha scríofa marbh. Tá níos mó ná teilifís amháin i mbeagnach gach teach na laethanta seo agus is féidir le tromlach na ndaoine dul ar líne.

I mo thuairim, is tír an difriúil í Éire anois ná san am atá thart ar mhórán chúiseanna. Tá go leor athruithe déanta mar a luaigh mé agus tá athruaithe eile freisin mar shampla an ardú i gcumhacht na meáin chumarsáide agus an méad coiriúlacht ag dul in olcas, bhí na Sasanaigh i gceannas agus bhí a lán troideanna ach anois is tír síocánta í Éire agus is ball í den Aontas Eorpach. Níl an tír seo an tír céanna is a bhí anseo fadó, an rud maith é sin nó an drochrud é? Bhuel, fágfaidh mé an cinneadh sin leat féin.

Sunday, 24 June 2012

Irish higher level sample essay - poverty

This is an irish essay i wrote in 6th year, I got an A for it so i think it is good,
title is - The people of Ireland and the world do not care about poor people

Is cuma le muintir na hÉireann agus muintir an domhain faoi na bochtáin
            An mbíonn tú ag féachaint ar an teilifís, ag éisteacht leis an raidió, nó an léann tú na nuachtáin na laethanta seo? Bhuel, i mo thuairim, má dhéanann tú aon cheann de na nithe seo tá scéal éigin cloiste nó léite agat faoin fhadhb na bhochtanais, táim cinnte dearfach de! Ceann d’fhadhbanna casta is ea an cheist seo faoi bhochtanas atá ár gcrá le fada. Bíonn an cheist seo faoi chaibidil ó am go chéile. Is cosúil go bhfuil ag teip orainn go dtí seo teach tar aon réiteach sásúil ar an bhfadhb seo, ach, mar sin féin, ní ionann sin is a rá gur cuma le muintir na hÉireann agurs muintir an domhain faoi na bochtáin. Ní aontaim leis an teideal se oar chor ar bith. Ceapaim go bhfuil said ag déanamh a lán oibre in Éirinn agur ar fud an domhain chun saol níos fear a thabairt do na doine bochta.
In Éirinn, tá cumainn charthanacha cosúil le Goal, Gorta, Concern agus Trócaire ag obair go dian dícheallach ar son na mbochtáin sa Tríú Domhain agud tá go leor cumainn charthanacha ó thíortha elae ar fud na cruinne ag obair leo freisin. Cabhraíonn a lán scoileanna in Éirinn leis na cumainn charthanacha freisin. Tugann said bronntanais do na páistí bochta leis an bhfeachtas “Operation Christmas Child”. I gcúpla scoil eile bailíonn said airgead agus tugann said é do chumainn charthanacha difriúla. Anuas ar sin, tá a lán oibrithe deonacha ón tír seo ague tíortha eile ag obair sa Tríú Domhain leis na daoine bochta ag cabhrú leo mar shampla ag tógáil scoileanna nó tithe.
            Úsáideann daoine cailúla a gcáil chun cabhrú leis na bochtáin freisin. D’eagraigh Bob Geldof agus ceoltóirí eile an cheolchoirm “Live Aid” chun airgead a fail don Aetóip cúpla bliain ó shin. Rinne na ceolchoirmeacha “Live Aid” breis is céad milliún dollar agus mar sin ní féidir linn a rá gur Cuma le muintir an domhain faoi na bochtáin.
            Ach, chun an fhírinne a rá, ní dhéanann gach duine sa domhain go leor oibre chun cabhrú leo. Is cosúil go bhfuil na rialtais éagsúla beag bean ar an Tríú Domhain. Bronnann said beagáinín airgid ar na tíortha bochta anois is arís ach is beag eile a dhéanann said I ndáiríre. Caitheann na tíortha bochta san Afraic timpeall céad milliúin dollar chuile sheachtain ag aisíoc fiacha do na tíortha saibhre. Ni haon bréag a rá go bhfuil cuid mhór den locht ar chomhlachtaí móra ar fud an domhain, a bhíonn sásta pá íseal a thabhairt d’oibrithe bhochta a bhíonn ag obair ar a son. Rud eile de, níl daoine saibhre saor ó locht ach oiread. Tá nócha faoin gcéad de mhaoin an domhain ag deich faoin gcéad den daonra. Caithfear a admháil gur scéal náirech é sin. Tá saol an mhada bháin ag daoine saibhre ague tá an iomarca daoine gafa le hábharachas. Ní thuigeann said an nath, “Is fear sona ná saibhir”. Is Cuma le cuid mhór daoine faoi na bochtáin fiú ina dtír féin.
            Ceapann cúpla duine go bhfuil na daoine bochta sa Tríú Domhain amháin. Tá daoine bochta sa Tríú Domhain cinnte ach tá daoine bochta in Éirinn freisin. Tá an iomarca daoine gan dídean ina gconaí in Éirinn. Dar le Barnados, tá 100,000 páistí in Éirinn faoi bhochtanas leanúnach, is é sin nach bhfuil na héadaí is bunúsaí ná an bia is coir acu. Caithimid cabhrú leis na daoine bochta sa tír seo, anuas ar na daoine sa Tríú Domhain. “Baist do leanbh féin ar dtús,” a deirtear.
            Ní féidir a shéanadh ach gur deacair fadhb mór seo a réiteach agus ba cheart dúinn iarracht éigin a dhéanamh feabhas a chur ar chúrsaí ach, mar sin féin, níl sé ceart a rá gur Cuma le muintir na hÉireann agus muintir an domhain faoi na bochtáin, mar is bréag é sin, dar liom.
            Mar a luaigh mé cheanna, níl aon fhreagra simplí ar an gceist faoin bhochtanas ach caithfear a bheith dóchasach go dtiocfaidh feabhas ar an scéal. Caithfidh rialtais an domhain agus gach uile duine oibrú le chéile chun an fhadhb seo a leigheas, ach an dtarlóidh sé choice, bhuel mar a deir an seanfhocal, “Is maith an scéalaí n aimsir.”