Biology Revision Quesions - with Answers (part 3)

It still would not upload them all on th e2 posts for me so here are the last few!

Once again, nnot mine, i cannot take credit for this!

1357

During 2009 swine flu spread through the population of many countries. Younger people were more at risk of becoming ill with swine flu than older people. Using your knowledge of the immune system, suggest a reason for this.

(Older people) previous exposure / antibodies (or active immunity or memory cells)

1358

Give two excretory organs in the human body other than the kidney.

Skin, Lungs

1359

Give the part of the nephron in which each of the following takes place: 1. Filtration, 2. Reabsorption of amino acids.

1. Bowman's capsule or glomerulus 2. proximal tubule

1360

Suggest a reason why it is important to know a person’s blood group.

transfusion/ to avoid reaction by mother to foetus/ to prevent loss of foetus

1361

To which kingdom does Rhizopus belong?

Fungi

1362

True or False. Rhizopus is a member of the animal kingdom.

False

1363

Explain what is meant by the axial skeleton.

vertebral column and skull (and rib cage)

1364

What is a tissue?

Cells with common function (or with common structure)

1365

Give one structural difference between DNA and RNA.

(DNA) contains thymine or RNA contains uracil

1366

Name a part of the flower from which fruit forms.

Ovary / Carpel / Receptacle

1367

Amylase is an enzyme that is found in saliva. State the substrate and the product of this enzyme.

starch maltose

1368

True or False. Xylem transports water in plants.

True

1369

Osmosis has been described as a special case of diffusion. Explain why.

movement of water (solvent) / along concentration gradient / through a selectively permeable membrane

1370

Suggest a treatment for a named disorder of the musculoskeletal system.

Disorder: Osteoporosis / Treatment: Diet rich in Calcium and Vitamin D and medication

1371

Name a tissue found in plants. Give a function of the tissue referred to.

Dermal or ground or vascular (or xylem or phloem) or meristematic. Function relevant to tissue

1372

Suggest a reason why myxomatosis is no longer a major threat to the Irish rabbit population.

natural immunity or Natural Selection or virus mutated

1373

Give two features of the nephron that aid filtration.

large surface area / porous capillary walls/ (lining) one cell thick / efferent arteriole narrower than afferent arteriole or arterioles in arteriole out or arteriole to capillary network

1374

True or False. A potato is a modified stem.

True

1375

Give three examples of the ways in which fruits are involved in seed dispersal.

Animal dispersal /  Winged / Wind / Self dispersal / Water Dispersal / Human dispersal

1376

Give an account of the role of each of the following in photosynthesis: 1. ATP, 2. NADP.

1. provides or stores energy / reduction of CO2 or glucose formation or for dark stage 2. accepts electrons / hydrogen carrier / for the dark stage or glucose formation or for dark stage

1377

Name a cell organelle, apart from the nucleus, in which DNA is found.

Chloroplast / mitochondria

1378

Name a tissue found in animals. Give a function of the tissue referred to.

Epithelial or Muscular or Connective or Nervous or named example. Function relevant to tissue

1379

Outline briefly how a virus replicates (reproduces).

attaches to (host) cell / introduces nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) / (host) DNA inactivated / viral DNA or RNA replicated / using resources of host cell / protein coat formed / assembly (of virus)

1380

Genes are found on what structures within a cell?

Chromosome (allow chromatid) (Do not allow DNA)

1381

Give a function for each of the following: 1. Red marrow, 2. Cartilage, 3. Tendon.

1. formation of blood cells 2. protection (absorbs shock) or reduces friction or allows bone elongation 3. joins muscle to bone

1382

Distinguish between batch and continuous flow food processing using micro-organisms in the food industry.

Batch: fixed amount of nutrients added at beginning or (bioreactor) emptied at end of production Continuous: nutrients continuously fed into bioreactor or product removed continuously

1383

Suggest why it is necessary for a plant to disperse its seeds.

To avoid competition / colonisation

1384

The use of one species to control the population of another species is called biological control. Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of biological control.

Advantage: environmentally friendly or specific or (may be) inexpensive Disadvantage: upsets balance of nature (or described e.g. predator population will fall when prey becomes scarce allowing prey to increase again or introduced species may become a pest or predator may change to a different prey) or (may be) expensive.

1385

Explain what is meant by the term tissue culture

Cells grown on (or in) medium or cells grown outside organism

1386

What is the function of the spindle during cell division?

To contract / to separate chromosomes /  chromatid / to attach

1387

Explain what is meant by an antagonistic muscle pair and give an example in the human body.

pair of muscles that have opposite effects or explained biceps and triceps or other example

1388

True or false. Stage 1 of respiration requires oxygen.

False

1389

Name a group of biomolecules in the blood which are too large to pass through the filtration system of the nephron.

Proteins

1390

Is the blood in the Aorta oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Oxygenated

1391

Following dispersal most seeds enter a period of dormancy. What is dormancy?

a period of rest, inactivity or non-vegetative state before growth

1392

Tissues grow by cell division. Name the type of cell division by which tissues grow.

Mitosis

1393

Give one application of tissue culture.

Appropriate application

1394

Name the nitrogenous bases whose first letters are A and C.

Adenine and Cytosine

1395

Apart from water, name one other substance which is found in sweat.

urea/ salt/ named salt/ lipids/ hormones

1396

What is meant by sterile?

Free from all organisms

1397

Name the container in which you grew the leaf yeast.

Petri dish / (agar) plate

1398

Organs are found in both plants and animals. What is meant by the term organ?

A group of tissues / Structure composed of two or more tissues

1399

State the location in the human body of the following muscles which are used for breathing: diaphragm, intercostals.

Below the lungs and above the stomach Between the ribs

1400

To which kingdom does Amoeba belong?

Protista or  Protoctista

1401

Give an advantage of dormancy.

Ensures springtime germination

1402

Give one reason why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

Left ventricle pumps blood around body. Right ventricle only pumps blood to the nearby lungs

1403

True or false. Stage 1 of respiration takes place in the cytoplasm.

True

1404

Name one organ found in plants.

Leaf / Root / Stem / Bud / Tuber / Flower/ bulbs/ Rhizome …

1405

How did you measure the breathing rate or the pulse?

count number of breaths or number of pulses / per unit time OR sensor (data logger)

1406

Where in the cell would you expect to find most DNA?

Nucleus

1407

Is the cell of Amoeba prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Give a reason for your answer.

Eukaryotic. Membrane-bound  organelles or named  membrane-bound  organelle

1408

What is meant by the germination of seeds?

Is the beginning of the growth after a period of dormancy

1409

Name the stage in the plant’s life cycle that follows dormancy.

Germination

1410

What is meant by pollution?

Any harmful addition to the ecosystem (e.g. not acceptable)

1411

What is meant by nitrogen fixation?

The conversion of nitrogen into nitrates.

1412

Give an example of pollution which may result from domestic (household) or industrial or agricultural activity.

Littering

1413

True or false. Stage 2 of respiration takes place in the cytoplasm.

False

1414

Give one function of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba.

Osmoregulation or explained

1415

Describe briefly one way by which the skin helps to retain heat in cold conditions.

(erect) hair / hair traps air / arteriole contracts (and keeps blood warm) / pores close / adipose (tissue) / Goose pimples

1416

Name one human activity that causes pollution.

Any relevant activity but not naturally occurring catastrophe

1417

What is a chromosome?

A structure made of DNA and protein which can be inherited.

1418

State one way in which it is possible to produce seedless fruits in horticulture.

e.g. (Growth) regulators

1419

What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

stops back flow (of blood) / blood from atrium to ventricle

1420

Name two habitats from the ecosystem you have studied.

Ecosystem: Woodland Habitats: Rotting log / beneath a stone

1421

Suggest one reason why a contractile vacuole is more active in freshwater amoebae than in marine amoebae.

Freshwater more hypotonic or more H2O intake or reference to concentration difference

1422

State two problems associated with waste disposal in Ireland.

1.        e.g. Finding land for landfill sites 2.        e.g. Litter / pollution or named form of pollution .

1423

For hair colour black (B) is dominant over brown (b). Seán is heterozygous (Bb) and Máire is homozygous (bb). 1. What colour is Seán’s hair? 2. What colour is Máire’s hair?

1. Black 2. Brown

1424

DNA contains the instructions needed to make protein. These instructions are called the … code.

Genetic

1425

How may apparatus be sterilised?

In an autoclave @121 °C for 15 minutes

1426

Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis.

light energy 6CO2 + 6H2O à C6H12O6 + 6O2 chlorophyll

1427

Seeds may remain inactive for a period before germination. What term is used to describe this period of inactivity?

Dormancy

1428

List two ways of minimising waste.

Reduce / Reuse / Recycle

1429

Red hair in humans is recessive to all other hair colours. A red-haired woman and a black-haired man, whose own father was red-haired, started a family. What is the % chance of obtaining offspring with red hair?

50%

1430

Give a brief account of the Theory of Natural Selection.

organisms have variations / that are inherited/ beneficial / will reproduce/ struggle for existence / pass on these variations / ‘Survival /of fittest’ / origin of species

1431

True or false. Some of the energy released in respiration is lost as heat.

True

1432

In what main part of a plant does most photosynthesis take place?

Leaf

1433

What is meant by evolution?

The way organisms change genetically from pre-existing forms to produce new species over long periods of time

1434

Give one example of the use of microorganisms in waste management.

e.g. Breaks down waste / in sewage treatment plants

1435

What is the main source of light for photosynthesis?

The sun

1436

In Dalmatian dogs the allele for brown spots is recessive to the allele for black spots. The two parents were heterozygous in respect of spot colour. What is the % chance of obtaining offspring with black spots?

75%

1437

Suggest two ways to prevent or control pollution.

Reduce, reuse, recycle

1438

Name a group of organisms involved in nitrogen fixation.

Bacteria / Monera / Lichens/ Clover / Legumes

1439

The haploid number of chromosomes is found in the human egg and sperm. Explain the underlined term.

Having one set of chromosomes

1440

Carbohydrates always contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and …

Oxygen

1441

Bile is involved in digestion in the human body. 1. Where is bile produced? 2. Where is bile stored? 3. Where does bile act in the alimentary canal?

1. liver 2. gall bladder 3. Duodenum / (small) intestine / ileum

1442

In which part of the flower is pollen produced?

Anther of the stamen

1443

In roses there is incomplete dominance between the allele governing red petals and the allele governing white petals. Heterozygous individuals have pink petals. A plant with pink petals was crossed with a plant with white petals. What is the % chance of obtaining offspring with white petals?

50%

1444

During photosynthesis water molecules are split into three products. Name each of these products. Describe what happens to each of the products.

Electrons, Protons (H+), Oxygen Electrons – to chlorophyll / reference to energy / ATP Protons / H (ions) - Pathway 2 / Dark Stage / general proton pool Oxygen – Respiration / Excreted

1445

What is meant by pollution?

The harmful addition to the environment (by humans) that leaves it less able to sustain life

1446

Lipids are made up of fatty acids and …

Glycerol

1447

What is meant by egestion? From where does egestion occur?

Removal of unabsorbed material from the body. From the rectum via the anus.

1448

True or false. Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration.

True

1449

Write a short paragraph (about 5 lines) on waste management.

waste produced / must be disposed safely / recycled / re-used / reduce / example of waste / how managed / role of micro-organisms

1450

In the fruit fly Drosophila the allele for full wing is dominant to the allele for vestigial wing. One parent was homozygous in respect of full wing and the other parent was heterozygous. What is the % chance of obtaining offspring with full wing?

100%

1451

What is the role of peristalsis in the digestive system?

push food along gut / mechanical digestion / prevents constipation

1452

Name a fat-soluble vitamin.

A / D / E / K

1453

Name the structures in which photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.

Chloroplasts

1454

Name one of the scientists associated with the Theory of Natural Selection.

Darwin / Wallace

1455

What is meant by pollination?

Transfer / of pollen / from anther to stigma

1456

Where in the eye is the retina located?

back of the eye

1457

Give an example of a catabolic reaction in a cell.

Respiration or fermentation or glycolysis       [allow digestion]

1458

Name a structural carbohydrate found in plants.

Cellulose

1459

Explain the terms: allele and dominant.

Allele: An alternative form of a gene Dominant: One allele masks the expression of the other

1460

What is the role of alveoli in the lungs?

exchange gases/ carbon dioxide out/ oxygen in / increase surface area / diffusion

1461

What is meant by the term aerobic respiration?

The release of energy from carbohydrate using oxygen

1462

Water enters the roots of plants by osmosis. Explain what is meant by osmosis.

movement of water through semi-permeable membrane / from region of high osmotic potential to low osmotic potential / from high concentration of water to low concentration of water / from dilute solution to concentrated solution

1463

What process follows pollination in the life cycle of a flowering plant?

Fertilisation

1464

Name one good source of protein in the human diet.

(Lean) Meat / Fish / Cheese / Eggs / Pulses (Do not accept Dairy Products)

1465

What is a triglyceride?

Fat (or lipid or oil) unit (or molecule) or glycerol and three fatty acids or ester

1466

In what cell structure does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast

1467

Name the tissue that transports water from the root to the leaves.

Xylem

1468

What is blood plasma? Give a role for blood plasma.

Plasma:  blood without cells/ watery liquid part of blood Role: carries dissolved substances / named substance / waste / hormones / gases / blood clotting agent/ water / antibodies / proteins / inorganic salts / fibrinogen / CO2 / Bicarbonate / Heat

1469

Indicate clearly whether each of the following statements refers to stage 1 or to stage 2 of respiration. A. Takes place in the mitochondria, B. Produces a large amount of energy, C. Takes place in the cytoplasm, D. Does not require oxygen.

A.       Stage 2 B.       Stage 2 C.        Stage 1 D.       Stage 1

1470

Outline the evidence for evolution from any one named source.

Fossils / comparative anatomy / embryos / DNA changes / Horse / bones

1471

Vitamins may be divided into two groups depending upon their solubility. Name these two groups.

Fat-soluble Water-soluble

1472

Where do the products of digestion enter the blood?

Stomach / ileum / intestine /villi / (colon) / shoulder vein

1473

Give an example of a beneficial organism and of a harmful organism that belong to the same kingdom as Rhizopus.

Beneficial: Yeast for baking and brewing Harmful: ringworm – parasitic fungus

1474

List three characteristics in each case of; 1. An insect-pollinated flower, 2. A wind-pollinated flower.

1. brightly coloured petals / anthers within petals, nectaries, 2. feathery stigmas, anthers outside petals, petals absent or reduced

1475

Name a breathing disorder. Suggest a possible cause of it and state how it may be treated.

Asthma Cause: narrowing of the bronchioles and mucus secretion Treatment: steroid tablets or inhalers

Bronchitis Cause: bacteria, viruses and irritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants Treatment: antibiotics if bacterial

1476

To what group of biomolecules do enzymes belong?

Proteins

1477

State one way in which an oil differs from a fat.

Oil is liquid (at room temperature) or  fat is solid or oils are unsaturated  or explained

1478

State two functions of symbiotic bacteria in the alimentary canal.

digest cellulose/ produce (release) vitamins/ keep harmful bacteria at bay / immunity (reference to health) / formation of faeces

1479

Two types of cells that receive light are found in the retina. Name each of these.

Rods and cones

1480

Name two types of cell found in the blood and give a function for each of them.

red blood cell: carries oxygen (also carries carbon dioxide) white blood cell: defence

1481

What is the main source of energy for photosynthesis?

The sun

1482

How do these products of digestion pass into the blood?

by diffusion (into villi ) / absorption

1483

Give an example of a trace element.

e.g. Fe, Cu, Zn or other correct

1484

The action of the enzyme amylase on its substrate starch is an example of a catabolic reaction. Explain each of the underlined terms.

Substrate: the substance on which an enzyme acts to produce the product Catabolic: Chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down to smaller molecules

1485

The ABO blood group system has four blood groups. What are these four groups?

A, B, AB, O

1486

The optic nerve is attached to the eye. What is the function of the optic nerve?

carries message to brain

1487

Suggest two reasons why life on earth might not continue without photosynthesis.

Lack of oxygen / lack of food (energy) / plants die / excess CO2 / animals die

1488

What is meant by immobilisation of an enzyme?

An enzyme which is fixed to an inert material by chemical or physical means.

1489

In relation to the human diet, what is meant by a trace element?

Small amount (needed) or indication of e.g. < 0.01%